Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

基于DSP和FPGA的静电悬浮加速度计控制器设计

针对静电悬浮加速度计高稳定悬浮控制和极微小加速度信号处理需求，设计了一种基于数字信号处理（digital signal processor,DSP)和现场可编程门阵列（field programmable gate array,FPGA)的加速度计控制器。该控制器采用DSP作为主控芯片，FPGA为辅助控制芯片。基于加速度计的工作特性，设计了一种加速度计工作模式切换控制策略，可根据加速度计当前工作状态，自动或者手动切换工作模式。基于加速度计的工作原理和测量需求，设计开发了基于FPGA的比例、积分、微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制算法和有限冲击响应(finite impulse response,FIR)滤波算法。为验证该控制器的控制性能，开展了地面高压悬浮实验。结果表明，该控制器及控制算法可以快速准确地实现加速度计稳定悬浮控制和模式切换，并且可以实现软件在轨重构和控制参数在轨更新，为后续重力场探测、空间引力波探测以及自主导航等提供了工程参考依据。     

宇航微波开关研究现状及发展趋势

宇航微波开关大量应用于各类通信卫星中，是卫星有效载荷的基本组成单机之一，其主要功能是备份高失效率的微波通道单机，或作为路由器实现微波通道信号切换。国内外多家宇航公司对微波开关开展了多年的研究。在设计方面，微波开关涉及的学科领域包括高频电磁学、低频电磁学、力学和热学；在生产工艺方面，微波开关涉及高精密机械加工、热处理、表面处理以及精密装配，这是一种多学科交叉的空间高精密电子产品。主要对宇航微波开关国内外的研究现状、典型产品、技术方案和产品性能等方面进行了重点介绍，同时对微波开关中的关键技术进行了仿真分析，最后总结与分析了微波开关的发展趋势。     

基于模式分集的星地激光通信技术研究

针对星地激光通信的大气湍流导致信号光损伤这一问题，实验搭建了一种能够补偿大气湍流的空间激光通信系统，采用模式分集接收结合最大比合并方法对大气湍流进行补偿，采用相干探测技术对高阶调制信号进行光电探测。在不同湍流强度下进行了传输实验，结果表明：模式分集空间激光通信系统的性能相比较于单模光纤接收系统有较大提升，随着湍流强度的增加，性能提升更加显著。在弱、中、强三种湍流强度以及相同目标误码率情况下，模式分集系统相比单模光纤接收系统分别降低了约4.2 dB、5.1 dB 和 5.5 dB的链路损耗。在弱、中、强三种湍流强度以及相同目标中断概率下，模式分集接收系统相比单模光纤接收系统分别降低了约3 dB、5.9 dB 和 4.3 dB的链路损耗。     

空芯光子晶体光纤熔接技术研究

空芯光子晶体光纤(HC-PCF)因其利用纤芯的空气导光而具有高损伤阈值、低损耗、低色散、低非线性等优点。此外,HC-PCF纤芯中空气的折射率温度系数、Verdet系数、Kerr系数远小于石英,在光纤陀螺中有独特的优势。但是在向实际应用迈进的过程中,必须要解决HC-PCF与普通单模光纤以及自身简便、低损耗的熔接问题。基于热致扩芯技术和过渡光纤两种模场匹配方法,研究了HC-PCF和普通单模光纤之间的熔接问题,将两者的熔接损耗由直接熔接的1.4dB降至0.73dB。此外,研究了HC-PCF与其自身的熔接,通过两步放电熔接法,得到高强度低损耗的熔点,熔接损耗为0.52dB。     

基于模态匹配和正交抑制的微机电陀螺闭环控制技术研究

模态匹配和力反馈控制可以在不牺牲检测带宽的情况下，利用机械谐振放大特性有效提高微机电陀螺信噪比、改善陀螺性能。结合一款高Q 值对称式四质量敏感结构的陀螺表头,在陀螺动力学平均模型基础上，通过对检测模态同相分量和正交分量的控制，实现陀螺的闭环检测控制。基于静电负刚度原理，通过改变陀螺敏感结构梳齿与质量块之间的电压，构建实时正交抑制系统和精确模态匹配环节，推导出陀螺的静电刚度矩阵，完成了对正交耦合信号的实时抑制和驱动、检测模态的精确模态匹配并且实现对两环节的解耦控制。实测结果显示，陀螺频差由24 Hz缩小到0.05 Hz以内，全温条件下，陀螺的正交耦合量由3(°)/s抑制到0.01(°)/s，陀螺全温零偏稳定性由初始的11.48（°）/h改善到1.95(°)/h，验证了实时正交抑制和模态匹配等技术对提升陀螺性能的具体效果。     

内并联型进气道模态转换过程中流道间干扰特性研究

针对组合动力进气道模态转换过程中存在的流道间干扰现象,采用数值模拟方法对一典型内并联型进气道模态转换过程中高/低速流道间的干扰特性展开了深入研究。结果表明：在模态转换过程中,当低速流道结尾激波位于低速流道内部时,高速流道节流至一定程度都将对低速流道形成干扰。该干扰现象出现后,高/低速流道的流动耦合,两流道的流量分配也随之发生变化,甚至导致了进气道流场的失稳。仅当β/α=0.25时,高/低速流道间的干扰造成了进气道流场的失稳且失稳后的振荡流场会先后出现两个不同的发展时期：前一时期的振荡流场的振幅较大但频率较低,约为335Hz；后一时期的振荡流场的振幅较小但频率较高,约为880Hz。